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Ludwig van Beethoven wrote his 32 piano sonatas between 1795 and 1822. Although originally not intended to be a meaningful whole, as a set they comprise one of the most important collections of works in the history of music.〔Rosen (2002), accompanying note〕 Hans von Bülow called them "The New Testament" of music (Johann Sebastian Bach's ''The Well-Tempered Clavier'' being "The Old Testament").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bach: The Well-Tempered Clavier - Das Wohltemperierte Clavier - release information )〕 Beethoven's piano sonatas came to be seen as the first cycle of major piano pieces suited to concert hall performance.〔 Being suitable for both private and public performance, Beethoven's sonatas form "a bridge between the worlds of the salon and the concert hall".〔 == List of sonatas == ===Early Sonatas=== Beethoven's early sonatas were highly influenced from those of Haydn and Mozart. Even so, he began to find new ways of doing his sonatas, His first 4 sonatas were four movements long, which was very uncommon in his time, and his Pathétique sonata was the first to have two tempos in a movement. Opus 2: Three Piano Sonatas (1795) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 2 in A major *No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 3 in C major Opus 7: Piano Sonata No. 4 in E-flat major ("Grand Sonata") (1797) Opus 10: Three Piano Sonatas (1798) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 5 in C minor *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 6 in F major *No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 7 in D major Opus 13: Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor ("Pathétique") (1798) Opus 14: Two Piano Sonatas (1799) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 9 in E major (Also arranged by the composer for String Quartet in F major (H 34) in 1801) *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 10 in G major Opus 22: Piano Sonata No. 11 in B-flat major (1800) ===Middle Sonatas=== After he wrote his first 13 sonatas, he wrote to Wenzel Krumpholz, "From now on, I'm going to take a new path." Beethoven's sonatas from this period are very different to his earlier ones. He began to abandon the common sonata form of Haydn and Mozart and replaced it with deeper ways of making a sonata. Most Romantic period sonatas were highly influenced by those of Beethoven. After 1804, Beethoven stopped putting sonatas into sets and only composed them as a single opus. It is unclear why he did so. Opus 26: Piano Sonata No. 12 in A-flat major ("Funeral March") (1801) Opus 27: Two Piano Sonatas (1801) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 13 in E-flat major 'Sonata quasi una fantasia' *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor 'Sonata quasi una fantasia' ("Moonlight") Opus 28: Piano Sonata No. 15 in D major ("Pastoral") (1801) Opus 31: Three Piano Sonatas (1802) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 16 in G major *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 17 in D minor ("Tempest") *No. 3: Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat major ("The Hunt") Opus 49: Two Piano Sonatas (composed 1795-6, published 1805) *No. 1: Piano Sonata No. 19 in G minor *No. 2: Piano Sonata No. 20 in G major Opus 53: Piano Sonata No. 21 in C major ("Waldstein") (1803) *WoO 57: Andante Favori — Original middle movement of the "Waldstein" sonata (1804) Opus 54: Piano Sonata No. 22 in F major (1804) Opus 57: Piano Sonata No. 23 in F minor ("Appassionata") (1805) Opus 78: Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-sharp major ("A Thérèse") (1809) Opus 79: Piano Sonata No. 25 in G major (1809) Opus 81a: Piano Sonata No. 26 in E-flat major ("Les adieux/Das Lebewohl") (1810) Opus 90: Piano Sonata No. 27 in E minor (1814) ===Late Sonatas=== (詳細はHammerklavier was deemed to be Beethoven's most difficult sonata yet. In fact, it was considered undoable until almost 15 years later, when Liszt played it in a concert. Opus 101: Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major (1816) Opus 106: Piano Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major ("Hammerklavier") (1819) Opus 109: Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major (1820) Opus 110: Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major (1821) Opus 111: Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor (1822) ==Performances and recordings== In a single concert cycle, the whole 32 sonatas were first performed by Hans von Bülow.〔(Carnegie Room Concerts )〕 A number of other pianists have emulated this feat, including Artur Schnabel (the first since Bülow to play the complete cycle in concert from memory), Roger Woodward〔(Celebrate 88 ). Retrieved 16 July 2014〕 and Michael Houstoun, who has performed the full sonata cycle twice; first at the age of 40, and then 20 years later in 2013. Wilbur R. Schnitker of Muskingum University, New Concord, Ohio, performed the complete cycle in 1969 at age 53. All from memory, he played eight recitals in 15 days. 〔Recordings, Crabtown Music, Manasquan, NJ; program, poss of author〕 The first pianist to make a complete recording was Artur Schnabel, who recorded them for EMI between 1932 and 1935.〔Beethoven Complete Piano Sonatas in Two Volumes, ed. by Artur Schnabel, Alfred Masterwork Edition, Publisher's Preface〕 Other pianists to make complete recordings include Claudio Arrau, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Wilhelm Backhaus, Daniel Barenboim, Malcolm Binns (on period pianos), Alfred Brendel, John O'Conor, Annie Fischer, Richard Goode, Maria Grinberg, Friedrich Gulda, Jenő Jandó, Wilhelm Kempff, Anton Kuerti, Paul Lewis, HJ Lim, Maurizio Pollini, Bernard Roberts, András Schiff, Russell Sherman, and Gerard Willems. Emil Gilels also began to record the set but died before he could complete it. Between 2005-07, at 60 years of age, Kun Woo Paik of South Korea released a complete recording all 32 sonatas for Decca Records. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Piano sonatas (Beethoven)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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